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The Mountain Meadows massacre was a series of attacks on the Baker–Fancher emigrant wagon train, at Mountain Meadows in southern Utah. The attacks culminated on September 11, 1857 in the mass slaughter of the emigrant party by the Iron County district of the Utah Territorial Militia and some local Indians. Initially intended to be an Indian massacre,〔Walker, Turley, Leonard 2008: 137-140〕 two men with leadership roles in local military, church and government organizations,〔.〕 Isaac C. Haight and John D. Lee, conspired for Lee to lead militiamen disguised as Native Americans along with a contingent of Paiute tribesmen〔Walker, Turley, Leonard 2008: 265〕 in an attack. The emigrants fought back and a siege ensued. Intending to leave no witnesses of Mormon complicity in the siege and avoid reprisals complicating the Utah War, militiamen induced the emigrants to surrender and give up their weapons. After escorting the emigrants out of their fortification, the militiamen and their tribesmen auxiliaries executed approximately 120 men, women and children.〔 stated he buried over 120 skeletons); James Lynch (1859) reported there were 140 victims; in , Superintendent Forney reported 115 victims; a 1932 monument states about 140 were involved in the massacre less 17 children spared; while Brooks' (introduction, 1991) believes 123 to be exaggerated, citing several reports of less than 100. The 1990 monument lists 82 identified by careful research of descendants of survivor ( http://www.mtn-meadows-assoc.com/inmemory.htm ) and states that there are others still unknown. See also .〕 Seventeen younger children were spared. Investigations, temporarily interrupted by the American Civil War, resulted in nine indictments during 1874. Of the men indicted, only John D. Lee was tried in a court of law. After two trials Lee was convicted and executed near the massacre site. ==First attack and siege == (詳細はPaiutes〔 Lee said the first attack occurred on a Tuesday and the Native Americans were several hundred strong.〕 and Mormon militiamen disguised as Native Americans. The attackers were positioned in a small ravine south-east of the emigrant camp. As the attackers shot into the camp, the Baker-Fancher party defended itself by encircling and lowering their wagons, along with digging shallow trenches and throwing dirt both below and into the wagons. Seven emigrants were killed during the opening attack and were buried somewhere within the wagon encirclement; sixteen more were wounded. The attack continued for five days, during which the besieged families had little or no access to fresh water and their ammunition was depleted.〔.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Killings and aftermath of the Mountain Meadows massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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